Assessment of awake bruxism by a novel bruxism screener and ecological momentary assessment among patients with masticatory muscle myalgia and healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: Bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity occurring during sleep or wakefulness, involving grinding and clenching of teeth and/or jaw bracing. As yet, the aetiology, epidemiology and consequences of awake bruxism (AB) are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to AB behaviours using a novel bruxism screener (BruxScreen) questionnaire part and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA; BruxApp©) on AB behaviours, and to investigate AB's prevalence among masticatory muscle myalgia patients and non-patients. METHODS: Altogether, 115 participants (masticatory myalgia patients referred to a specialist clinic (n = 67) and non-patients (n = 46)) filled in a bruxism screener questionnaire to report bruxism behaviours and jaw symptoms. A selection of both groups did a week-long EMA (patients n = 12, non-patients n = 11) to report AB behaviours. The chi-squared test was used to determine group differences in categorical variables. A logistic regression model was fitted to study the probability of AB. RESULTS: According to BruxScreen, bruxism behaviours and jaw symptoms were more frequent in patients than in non-patients (p < .001). Based on EMA, 14.6% of the behaviour in patients was tooth clenching; for non-patients, this was 0.5% (p < .000). Relaxed muscles were reported by patients and non-patients at 20.6% and 56.4%, respectively (p < .021). Logistic regression, adjusted by age and sex, revealed that patients reported AB 5 times more often than non-patients (OR 4.8, 95% CI 2.1-11.2). CONCLUSION: Awake bruxism behaviours are significantly more frequent in masticatory muscle myalgia patients than non-patients and associate with frequent bruxism-related symptoms. Self-reported teeth clenching seems to be the most significant sign of AB behaviour.

Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to present and describe the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB), an instrument that was developed to provide a multidimensional evaluation of bruxism status, comorbid conditions, aetiology and consequences. METHODS: The rationale for creating the tool and the road map that led to the selection of items included in the STAB has been discussed in previous publications. RESULTS: The tool consists of two axes, specifically dedicated to the evaluation of bruxism status and consequences (Axis A) and of bruxism risk and etiological factors and comorbid conditions (Axis B). The tool includes 14 domains, accounting for a total of 66 items. Axis A includes the self-reported information on bruxism status and possible consequences (subject-based report) together with the clinical (examiner report) and instrumental (technology report) assessment. The Subject-Based Assessment (SBA) includes domains on Sleep Bruxism (A1), Awake Bruxism (A2) and Patient's Complaints (A3), with information based on patients' self-report. The Clinically Based Assessment (CBA) includes domains on Joints and Muscles (A4), Intra- and Extra-Oral Tissues (A5) and Teeth and Restorations (A6), based on information collected by an examiner. The Instrumentally Based Assessment (IBA) includes domains on Sleep Bruxism (A7), Awake Bruxism (A8) and the use of Additional Instruments (A9), based on the information gathered with the use of technological devices. Axis B includes the self-reported information (subject-based report) on factors and conditions that may have an etiological or comorbid association with bruxism. It includes domains on Psychosocial Assessment (B1), Concurrent Sleep-related Conditions Assessment (B2), Concurrent Non-Sleep Conditions Assessment (B3), Prescribed Medications and Use of Substances Assessment (B4) and Additional Factors Assessment (B5). As a rule, whenever possible, existing instruments, either in full or partial form (i.e. specific subscales), are included. A user's guide for scoring the different items is also provided to ease administration. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument is now ready for on-field testing and further refinement. It can be anticipated that it will help in collecting data on bruxism in such a comprehensive way to have an impact on several clinical and research fields.

Bruxismo como consequência do estresse pandêmico: revisão integrativa / Bruxism as a consequence of pandemic stress: integrative review

O período pandêmico com todas as suas implicações possibilitou um aumento dos níveis de estresse em parte da população, que teve como consequência a obtenção ou o agravamento do bruxismo. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre como o estresse causado pela pandemia de COVID-19 influenciou no desenvolvimento do bruxismo, considerando o perfil dos indivíduos acometidos. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da seleção de artigos publicados nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed e EBSCOhost. Para isto, a seguinte questão de pesquisa foi formulada: "Existe relação entre o bruxismo e a pandemia de COVID-19?". A busca objetivou encontrar artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês, durante os anos de 2019 a 2023, utilizando os descritores "bruxismo", "COVID-19" e "estresse psicológico" e as suas respectivas versões em inglês, juntamente com a estratégia de busca AND. Revisão de literatura: Vinte estudos foram incluídos, ficando evidente uma prevalência do bruxismo como consequência do estresse pandêmico em pessoas jovens, do sexo feminino, além de estudantes/profissionais da área da saúde. Considerações finais: Acredita-se que a pandemia de COVID-19 vivenciada entre os anos de 2019 e 2023 tenha causado e/ou exacerbado estresse, sendo este um importante fator causador do bruxismo.(AU)

The pandemic period with all its implications allowed an increase in stress levels in part of the population, which resulted in the obstruction or worsening of bruxism. Objective: The aim of this article was to carry out an integrative review on how the stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the development of bruxism, considering the profile of affected individuals. Method: An integrative literature review was carried out based on the selection of articles published in the VHL, PubMed and EBSCOhost databases. For this, the following research question was formulated: "Is there a relationship between bruxism and the COVID-19 pandemic?". The search aimed to find articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English, during the years 2019 to 2023, using the descriptors "bruxism", "COVID-19" and "psychological stress" and their respective versions in English, together with the strategy of search AND. Integratve review: Twenty studies were included, revealing a prevalence of bruxism as a consequence of pandemic stress in young, females, in addition to students/health professionals. Final considerations: It is believed that the COVID-19 pandemic experienced between 2019 and 2023 caused and/or exacerbated stress, which is an important factor causing bruxism.(AU)

Prospective association of short sleep duration in newborns with bruxism behavior in children: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

BACKGROUND: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive masticatory muscle activity, characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Although the bruxism etiology can be bidirectionally described with sleep disorders, there are few studies available to understand the association of sleep duration with bruxism behavior in early childhood. METHODS: A dataset of children (n = 90,148) from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) - an ongoing nationwide, prospective birth cohort study - was used to investigate the prospective association of the infant's sleep duration with bruxism behavior, which were acquired using self-reported questionnaire. After multiple imputation of data, the association between sleep duration and bruxism behavior in early childhood was examined using a binomial logistic regression analysis. It was conducted with adjustments for several maternal (e.g., age at delivery and sleep duration) and child-related (e.g., sex and sleep position) variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of bruxism behavior at the ages of two and four were 16.2% and 22.5%, respectively. Using the shortest sleep duration group's participants (≤13 h) as the reference, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for prevalence of bruxism behavior decreased with longer sleep duration at one month of age, but not at 36 months of age, after covariate adjustments. Furthermore, in comparison with the impacts between daytime and nighttime sleep, nighttime sleep with longer duration were dominantly associated with bruxism behavior. CONCLUSION: The sleep duration in infant stage, especially during newborn stage was associated with the prevalence of bruxism behavior in children.

Bruxism in Acute Neurologic Illness.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: While traditionally encountered in ambulatory settings, bruxism occurs in patients with a variety of acute neurologic illnesses including encephalitis, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and acute ischemic stroke. Untreated bruxism in acute neurologic illness can lead to tooth loss, difficulty in mouth care resulting in recurrent aspiration pneumonia, endotracheal tube dislodgement, and even tongue laceration or amputation. Inpatient clinicians should be aware of the etiologies and management strategies for bruxism secondary to acute neurologic illness. RECENT FINDINGS: Management strategies for bruxism are varied and include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies in addition to onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A). Bruxism impacts patients with a variety of acute neurologic illnesses, and emerging evidence suggests successful and safe treatment strategies.

Oral, dental, and craniofacial features in chronic acid sphingomyelinase deficiency.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral, dental, and craniofacial features of individuals affected by the chronic forms of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD). This study comprised a sample of adult and pediatric patients (n = 8) with chronic ASMD. The individuals underwent oral examinations to evaluate the occurrence of caries, as well as full-mouth periodontal examinations, to assess the occurrence and severity of periodontal diseases. Panoramic and profile radiographs were obtained to analyze dental conditions and craniofacial parameters. Participants also answered questionnaires to identify systemic impairment, parafunctional habits, and bruxism. Dental anomalies of size, shape, and number were found, with agenesis and microdontia being the predominant findings. The average of caries experience was 11.75 (±8.1). Only one patient had periodontal health and all adult individuals had periodontitis at different stages and degrees. Bruxism was found in 87.5% of the sample. The convex profile and maxillary and mandibular retrusion were the most relevant findings in the cephalometric analysis. It is concluded that individuals with chronic ASMD, in addition to several systemic manifestations, present significant modifications in their oral health, from a greater occurrence of dental anomalies, caries, periodontal disease, in addition to skeletal changes.

Risk factors associated with reported bruxism among children and adolescents with Down Syndrome.

Objective: Identify factors associated with the prevalence of reported bruxism in children/adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS). Methods: The study included 112 children/adolescents with DS and their parents/caregivers. Oral habits, pacifier/finger sucking, upper respiratory infections (

The approach and management of bruxism in Alzheimer's disease: An under-recognized habit that concerns caregivers (innovative practice).

Bruxism (teeth grinding) is an under-recognized cause of caregiver concern in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We report two cases of Alzheimer's disease with bruxism that caused significant distress to the caregivers. Patient data were collected from the case records of our hospital. One patient presented with early Alzheimer's disease and another with advanced Alzheimer's disease had bruxism causing significant caregiver distress. One patient was treated with botulinum toxin type A with complete relief of the symptom. Bruxism in Alzheimer's disease patients can be a cause of caregiver distress. It can be successfully treated with botulinum toxin. Whether bruxism is rare in Alzheimer's disease or is under-reported is to be evaluated in future studies.

Una clínica adecuada para el bruxismo / An appropriate clinic for bruxism

Este trabajo plantea una clínica para el bruxismo, luego de dar cuenta de las causas que lo constituyen desde su fisiología. El bruxismo es producido por el impedimento de descarga ­por diversos motivos singulares de cada padeciente­ de la energía agresiva que el cuerpo tiene para defenderse u atacar. Esta energía no es exclusivamente fisiológica, sino también emocional, por lo cual hacer gimnasia o deportes no resuelve la problemática; de todos modos, la clínica a emprender debe contemplar un trabajo en ambos aspectos. Se diferencia la agresividad ­energía vital necesaria para el vivir cotidiano­ de la violencia, tomando desarrollos de Winnicott, Perls y Lorenz. Si bien las causas que impiden su descarga son diversas, la sintomatología es común. Por eso no sirve un grupo de autoayuda que no contemple la clínica singular, siendo adecuado el recurso grupal como modalidad de trabajo. Se considera que la clínica adecuada para la cura del bruxismo debe incluir: la toma de conciencia y el cambio de modalidades conductuales habituales respecto a la agresividad ­a la vez que su posibilidad de historizarlos­, unidos a un trabajo que posibilite la descarga efectiva corporal y afectiva de las energías agresivas, realizado en una modalidad de trabajo grupal (AU)

This work proposes a clinic for bruxism, after accounting for the causes that constitute it from its physiology. Bruxism is produced by the impediment of discharge - for various reasons unique to each patient - of the aggressive energy that the body has either to defend itself or to attack. As this energy is not exclusively physiological but also emotional, doing gymnastics or sports does not solve the problem, at the same time that the clinic to undertake must contemplate working in both aspects. Aggressiveness -vital energy necessary for daily living- is differtent from violence, taking in account developments from Winnicott, Perls and Lorenz. Although the causes that prevent its discharge are diverse, they share the same symptomatology. That is why a self-help group that does not contemplate the singular clinic is not useful, being the group resource a suitable modality of work. The appropriate clinic for the cure of bruxism should take into account: the awareness and the change of habitual behavioral modalities in regard to aggression -as well as the possibility of historicizing them-, together with a work that enables the effective corporal and affective discharge of aggressive energies, carried out in a modality of group work (AU)

The prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS under the 2010-revised McDonald diagnostic criteria, 182 patients without MS exacerbations during the previous three months were included in the patient group, and 145 healthy individuals made up the control group in the study. Demographic data of the participants in both groups were determined. In the patient and control groups, the diagnosis of definite bruxism was made using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Diagnosis and Coding Manual, Second Edition). RESULTS: Bruxism was found in 29.7% (n = 54) of the patients and in 12.4% (n = 18) of the controls, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Of all patients, the onset of bruxism was found in 70.4% (n = 38) after the diagnosis and in 29.6% (n = 169) prior to the diagnosis of MS. Compared with those without bruxism, the mean age (p = 0.031) and the score of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (p = 0.001) were also significantly higher among MS patients with bruxism. Between MS patients with and without bruxism, no significant differences were found in terms of sex, marital status, educational status, employment, cigarette smoking, total number of exacerbations, number of exacerbations within the previous year, and drugs used. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of bruxism was found to be higher in the patients with MS than in the controls. Bruxism is associated with age and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in MS patients.

The prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparative study / A prevalência do bruxismo e fatores relacionados em pacientes com esclerose múltipla: um estudo comparativo

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and related factors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS under the 2010-revised McDonald diagnostic criteria, 182 patients without MS exacerbations during the previous three months were included in the patient group, and 145 healthy individuals made up the control group in the study. Demographic data of the participants in both groups were determined. In the patient and control groups, the diagnosis of definite bruxism was made using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (Diagnosis and Coding Manual, Second Edition). Results: Bruxism was found in 29.7% (n = 54) of the patients and in 12.4% (n = 18) of the controls, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Of all patients, the onset of bruxism was found in 70.4% (n = 38) after the diagnosis and in 29.6% (n = 169) prior to the diagnosis of MS. Compared with those without bruxism, the mean age (p = 0.031) and the score of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (p = 0.001) were also significantly higher among MS patients with bruxism. Between MS patients with and without bruxism, no significant differences were found in terms of sex, marital status, educational status, employment, cigarette smoking, total number of exacerbations, number of exacerbations within the previous year, and drugs used. Conclusions: The frequency of bruxism was found to be higher in the patients with MS than in the controls. Bruxism is associated with age and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score in MS patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Neste estudo, pretendeu-se determinar a prevalência de bruxismo e fatores relacionados em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). Métodos: Diagnosticados com EM remitente recidivante sob os critérios de McDonald Diagnostic revisados em 2010, 182 pacientes sem ataques de EM durante os últimos três meses foram incluídos no grupo de pacientes, e 145 indivíduos saudáveis constituíram o grupo de controle no estudo. Os dados demográficos dos participantes dos dois grupos foram determinados. Nos grupos de pacientes e controle, o diagnóstico de bruxismo definitivo foi feito usando a Classificação Internacional de Distúrbios do Sono (1) (Manual de Diagnóstico e Codificação Segunda Edição). Resultados: O bruxismo foi detectado em 29,7% (n = 54) dos pacientes e observado dentro de 12,4% (n = 18) dos controles, e a diferença foi estatisticamente significante (p <0,001). De todos os pacientes, o tempo inicial de bruxismo foi encontrado em 70,4% (n = 38) após o diagnóstico e em 29,6% (n = 169) antes do diagnóstico. Em comparação com aqueles sem bruxismo, os níveis de idade média (p = 0,031) e o escore da Escala de Status de Incapacidade Expandida (p = 0,001) também foram significativamente maiores entre os pacientes com esclerose múltipla com bruxismo. Entre os pacientes com esclerose múltipla com e sem bruxismo, não foi encontrada diferença significativa em termos de sexo, estado civil, status educacional, emprego, tabagismo, número total de ataques, número de ataques no último ano e medicamentos utilizados. Conclusões: A freqüência de bruxismo foi maior em pacientes com esclerose múltipla do que nos controles. O bruxismo está associado à idade e ao escore da Escala de Status de Incapacidade Expandida (EDSS) em pacientes com EM.

Phenotypes of patients with extensive tooth wear-A novel approach using cluster analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Explore a new approach to identify phenotypes of tooth wear (TW) patients using an unsupervised cluster analysis model, based on demographic, self-report, clinical, salivary and electromyographic (EMG) findings. METHODS: Data was collected for 34 variables from 125 patients, aged 17-65 years, with a TW index > grade 2. Demographic information and presumed risk factors for chemical and mechanical TW were collected. A 14-item stress scale was completed and salivary flow rates, pH and buffer capacity were measured. Sleep bruxism was assessed with a portable single channel EMG device. RESULTS: The final cluster model comprised 16 variables and 103 patients and indicated two groups of TW patients; 61 participants in cluster A and 42 in cluster B. Cluster assignment was determined by several presumed mechanical risk factors and diseases affecting saliva. Cluster B had the highest percentage of sleep bruxism self-reports (A 1.6%, B 92.9%, p ≤ 0.001), awake bruxism self-reports (A 45.9%, B 85.7%, p ≤ 0.001), heavy sport exercises (A 1.6%, B 21.4%, p = 0.001); and highest percentage of diseases affecting saliva (A 13.1%, B 47.6%, p ≤ 0.001). A notable finding was the lack of significant differences between clusters in many other presumed risk factors for mechanical and chemical TW. CONCLUSION: TW patients can be clustered in at least two groups with different phenotypic characteristics but also with a large degree of overlap. Based on this type of algorithm, tools for clinical application may be developed and underpin TW classification and treatment planning in the future.

Bruxismo na infância ­ aspectos contemporâneos no século 21 ­ revisão sistemática / Bruxism in children ­ contemporary aspects in 21st century ­ systematic review

O bruxismo é definido como uma atividade rítmica, repetitiva e involuntária dos músculos da mastigação caracterizado pelo ranger e/ou apertar dos dentes. Com alta prevalência em crianças, o bruxismo infantil é relatado na literatura recente, apresentando risco de danos aos tecidos dentários, demonstrando a relevância de se conhecer a etiologia, diagnóstico, epidemiologia, consequências e propostas terapêuticas para essa condição. Objetivou-se realizar revisão sistemática de literatura científica coletando dados relevantes e atuais para discutir as informações existentes. Foram realizadas buscas por livros-textos e artigos de texto completo nas bases de dados, selecionados ao todo 84 artigos e dois manuais. O bruxismo é uma manifestação de origem central, portanto, definir sua causa é um desafio, considerando seu aspecto multifatorial, comumente associado a fatores psicológicos/emocionais como estresse e ansiedade, fatores sistêmicos como distúrbios do sono e fatores locais como hiperplasias das amigdalas e adenoides, presença de vermes, dentre outros. A identificação e eliminação, quando possível, dos fatores causais podem eliminar a ocorrência do evento. Desgastes dentários podem ser sinais clínicos da ocorrência de bruxismo, todavia, podem ser sinais de eventos passados e não mais presentes desta condição, portanto, o diagnóstico deve considerar uma anamnese específica. O controle, seja por supervisão, seja por proteção, dos desgastes dentais, associado à investigação médica de fatores causais e adoção de práticas de "higiene do sono", parecem compor estratégia mais adequada para o tratamento desta condição (AU).

Bruxism is a widely studied alteration in Dentistry and other medical classes because of its multifactorial etiology. It is defined as a rhythmic, repetitive and involuntary activity of the chewing muscles characterized by teeth grinding and/or clenching. Having high prevalence in children, infant bruxism is reported in recent literature, presenting a risk of dental tissues damage, demonstrating the relevance of knowing the etiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, consequences, and therapeutic proposals for this condition. The aim of the present work is to perform a systematic review of the scientific literature collecting relevant and current data, in order to discuss existing information and disseminate it in the community of students and teachers. Thus, there were search for textbooks and full text articles in the databases, selecting altogether 84 articles and two manuals considered relevant to the study. There is no consensus in the literature on the etiology of bruxism, but psychological/emotional factors such as stress and anxiety, systemic factors such as sleep disturbances, and local factors such as tonsils and adenoids hyperplasia are the most described and at higher risk of development of bruxism. The involvement of a multidisciplinary team is fundamental for correct diagnosis and efficient treatment, reaching all causal aspect (AU).

Modelo estructural para explicar el bruxismo desde la teoría transaccional del estrés / Structural model to explain bruxism from the transactional stress theory

Con la finalidad de explicar la influencia de los factores psicosociales en las personas con bruxismo autoinformado, el presente trabajo evalúa un modelo explicativo, analizando el proceso estrés-emoción-manejo, basado en la teoría transaccional del estrés. Participaron 128 personas que autoinformaron síntomas de bruxismo. Las variables psicológicas estrés percibido, ansiedad, afrontamiento de autocrítica inadecuado y retirada social, y el rasgo neuroticismo se evaluaron usando cuestionarios autoadministrados de adecuada validez y fiabilidad. Los resultados del modelo estructural final muestran adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste y sugieren que, en este grupo de personas, el afrontamiento como recurso cognitivo y conductual influye en la evaluación cognitiva del estresor y en la manera en la que se interpreta, dando como respuesta física al estrés psicológico la actividad músculo-mandibular de bruxismo

In order to explain the influence of psychosocial factors in people with self-reported bruxism, an explanatory model was evaluated by analyzing the stress-emotion-handling process based on the transactional stress theory. One hundred and twenty eight people, who self-reported symptoms of bruxism, participated in this study. The following psychological variables were evaluated using self-administered questionnaires of adequate validity and reliability: perceived stress, anxiety, inadequate self-critical coping and social withdrawal, and trait neuroticism. The results of the final structural model show adequate Goodness-of-fit indexes and suggest that, within this group of people, coping as a cognitive and behavioral resource has an influence on the cognitive appraisal of the stressor. In addition, the muscle-mandibular activity of bruxism is interpreted as a physical response to psychological stress

Pobreza y salud bucal en comunidades afrodescendientes vulnerables / Poverty and oral health in vulnerable Afro-descendants communities

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre pobreza y salud bucal en comunidades afrodescendientes vulnerables. Métodos: Estudio realizado en 240 adultos residentes en Tierra Baja, Manzanillo y Boquilla de Cartagena, Colombia. La selección fue a conveniencia en visita domiciliaria. El estudio conto con una etapa descriptiva y una analítica. En la primera etapa descriptiva se indagó por variables sociodemográficas, presencia de pobreza, condiciones de salud bucal, hábitos de higiene oral y otros nocivos. En la segunda, analítica de corte transversal, se clasificó la pobreza en objetiva, subjetiva y general, como variables independientes en tanto que la condición de salud bucal y hábitos bucales las dependientes. La valoración clínica de la población estuvo a cargo de examinadores entrenados. Los datos se analizaron a partir de frecuencias y proporciones y odds ratio por regresión logística bivariada. Resultados: De los participantes 76,7 por ciento se percibieron pobres y 89,2 por ciento contaban con sus necesidades básicas insatisfechas (pobreza objetiva); el 65,8 por ciento se clasificaron con pobreza general. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la pobreza objetiva y subjetiva y la condición de salud bucal inadecuada (odd ratio: 2,17 y 1,8 respectivamente) y entre hogares con pobreza general y frecuencia del cepillado (odd ratio: 2,18), recambio del cepillo de dientes (odd ratio: 2,3) y hábito del bruxismo (odd ratio: 2,4). Conclusiones: La pobreza ejerce influencia desfavorable en la salud bucal en comunidades afrodescendientes vulnerables. Se demuestra la necesidad de una intervención efectiva en el entorno social(AU)

Objective: To determine the relationship between oral health and the presence of poverty in african descent of Tierra Baja, Manzanillo and Boquilla, Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: Study conducted in 240 adults selected convenience in the home visit. The first descriptive stage asses sociodemographic variables, presence of poverty, oral health condition, oral health habits and other nocuous. In the second analytical stage of cross-section, the poverty classified as objective, subjective and general were the independent variables while the oral health condition and oral habits were the dependent variables. There was calibration of examiners, for clinical assessment. The data were analyzed from frequencies and proportions and odds ratio by bivariate logistic regression. Results: 76,7 percent of participants perceived poor and 89,2 percent had their Dissatisfied Basic Needs (objective poverty); 65,8 percent were classified as general poor people. There were associations between objective and subjective poverty and inadequate oral health condition (OR: 2.17 and 1.8 respectively) and among households with general poverty and frequency of brushing (OR: 2.18), toothbrush replacement (OR: 2,3) and habit of bruxism (OR: 2,4). Conclusions: Poverty has an adverse influence in oral health in vulnerable Afro-descendants communities. It is demonstrated the necessity of effective interventions in the social environment(AU)

Pobreza y salud bucal en comunidades afrodescendientes vulnerables / Poverty and oral health in vulnerable Afro-descendants communities

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre pobreza y salud bucal en comunidades afrodescendientes vulnerables. Métodos: Estudio realizado en 240 adultos residentes en Tierra Baja, Manzanillo y Boquilla de Cartagena, Colombia. La selección fue a conveniencia en visita domiciliaria. El estudio conto con una etapa descriptiva y una analítica. En la primera etapa descriptiva se indagó por variables sociodemográficas, presencia de pobreza, condiciones de salud bucal, hábitos de higiene oral y otros nocivos. En la segunda, analítica de corte transversal, se clasificó la pobreza en objetiva, subjetiva y general, como variables independientes en tanto que la condición de salud bucal y hábitos bucales las dependientes. La valoración clínica de la población estuvo a cargo de examinadores entrenados. Los datos se analizaron a partir de frecuencias y proporciones y odds ratio por regresión logística bivariada. Resultados: De los participantes 76,7 por ciento se percibieron pobres y 89,2 por ciento contaban con sus necesidades básicas insatisfechas (pobreza objetiva); el 65,8 por ciento se clasificaron con pobreza general. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la pobreza objetiva y subjetiva y la condición de salud bucal inadecuada (odd ratio: 2,17 y 1,8 respectivamente) y entre hogares con pobreza general y frecuencia del cepillado (odd ratio: 2,18), recambio del cepillo de dientes (odd ratio: 2,3) y hábito del bruxismo (odd ratio: 2,4). Conclusiones: La pobreza ejerce influencia desfavorable en la salud bucal en comunidades afrodescendientes vulnerables. Se demuestra la necesidad de una intervención efectiva en el entorno social(AU)

Objective: To determine the relationship between oral health and the presence of poverty in african descent of Tierra Baja, Manzanillo and Boquilla, Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: Study conducted in 240 adults selected convenience in the home visit. The first descriptive stage asses sociodemographic variables, presence of poverty, oral health condition, oral health habits and other nocuous. In the second analytical stage of cross-section, the poverty classified as objective, subjective and general were the independent variables while the oral health condition and oral habits were the dependent variables. There was calibration of examiners, for clinical assessment. The data were analyzed from frequencies and proportions and odds ratio by bivariate logistic regression. Results: 76,7 percent of participants perceived poor and 89,2 percent had their Dissatisfied Basic Needs (objective poverty); 65,8 percent were classified as general poor people. There were associations between objective and subjective poverty and inadequate oral health condition (OR: 2.17 and 1.8 respectively) and among households with general poverty and frequency of brushing (OR: 2.18), toothbrush replacement (OR: 2,3) and habit of bruxism (OR: 2,4). Conclusions: Poverty has an adverse influence in oral health in vulnerable Afro-descendants communities. It is demonstrated the necessity of effective interventions in the social environment(AU)

Parkinson's disease, temporomandibular disorders and bruxism: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Even though bruxism and Parkinson's disease (PD) share common characteristics, their relation is still not clear. Both bruxism and PD are movement disorders in addition, patients with bruxism as well as those with PD complain about musculoskeletal pain, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to gain more insight into the possible relation between bruxism and TMD on one hand and PD on the other. METHODS: In total, 801 persons gave their written informed consent and agreed to participate in the study filling in a questionnaire. Complete data were collected from 708 persons (368 with PD or Parkinsonism [PR] and 340 controls) and were included in the analysis. The questionnaire included the graded chronic pain scale, the DC/TMD oral behaviour checklist, the DC/TMD symptom questionnaire and the TMD pain screener. In addition, a question about self-reported tooth wear was included. The chi-square test and independent samples t test were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: Patients with PD/PR reported significantly more often bruxism during sleep and wakefulness than controls. Also, patients with PD/PR had more often possible TMD and reported a significantly higher mean pain intensity in the orofacial region than controls. There was no significant difference in complaints of jaw locking between the patient group and the control group. A tendency towards a significant association was found between PD/PR and tooth wear. CONCLUSION: There is a relation between PD/PR and bruxism. Furthermore, a relation of PD/PR with TMD pain is suggested to be present.